In India, the cancer crisis is growing, with one in nine people at risk of developing the disease in their lifetime. Leading types of cancer include lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. To shed light on this pressing issue, we spoke with, Dr. Sapna, an experienced oncologist, about the causes, prevention, and common misconceptions surrounding cancer.
What are the leading causes of cancer?
Cancer can stem from both unmodifiable and modifiable factors. Genetic predisposition is unchangeable, but many risk factors can be avoided. Tobacco, alcohol, unsafe sex, exposure to chemicals, radiation, obesity, and unhealthy diets significantly increase cancer risk.
What can individuals do to prevent cancer?
Awareness is key. Pay attention to your body and seek medical advice if you notice signs such as unexplained fever, sudden weight loss, unusual lumps, or blood in stool. Early detection is crucial.
Is there any tool for early cancer detection?
Absolutely. For breast cancer, women should perform regular self-examination and begin annual mammograms from age of 45. For colon cancer, screening through stool tests or colonoscopies is recommended for those over 45. Prostate examination and cervical screenings via Pap tests are also vital.
Are there vaccinations available to prevent cancer?
Yes, vaccines are available to prevent cervical cancer, particularly for school-aged girls. Vaccination is a powerful tool in cervical cancer prevention.
There are many myths about cancer. Can you clarify a few?
Let’s debunk a few
- Cancer is contagious. This is false. While family history matters, cancer itself cannot be spread.
- Cancer is a death sentence. Advances in diagnosis and treatment mean many can survive cancer today.
- Chemotherapy is always harmful. While side effects exist but manageable with supportive treatment. also new therapies like immunotherapy or target therapy are available with least side effects.
- A lump always means cancer. Not necessarily; however, all lumps should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
- Cutting sugar cures cancer: This is a myth. Diet plays a role, but just diet modifications cannot cure or prevent.
- A few months of smoking cessation can prevent cancer. 10-15 years of smoking cessation is required.
What challenges do we face in addressing cancer?
At an individual level, ignorance of symptoms is a major issue. Societally, there’s a lack of awareness regarding early diagnosis and treatment options. Economic constraints also hinder access to necessary healthcare services.
What advice do you have for the public?
Never ignore the signs your body is showing. Seek medical advice without hesitation. Early detection and awareness are our best defenses against cancer.
As the incidence of cancer continues to rise, it’s crucial for individuals to be proactive in their health. Understanding risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and utilizing early detection tools can bridge the gap between society and effective cancer care.